|  | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Control (n = 26) | Intervention (n = 19) | P | Control (n = 23) | Intervention (n = 23) | P |
Fat mass (kg) | Baseline | 21.8 (8.0) | 19.7 (8.4) | 0.40 | 26.8 (11.0) | 24.1 (7.0) | 0.31 |
 | % | 28.1 (7.0) | 27.0 (4.9) | 0.64 | 38.3 (8.5) | 37.2 (8.5) | 0.57 |
 | ∆ | -2.9 ± 0.6a | -3.2 ± 0.8a | 0.69 | -3.6 ± 0.6a | -1.4 ± 0.4a | 0.005 |
 | ∆,% | -13.0 ± 2.7 | -12.3 ± 5.7 |  | -12.3 ± 2.3 | -6.2 ± 1.7 |  |
Fat-free mass (kg) | Baseline | 53.9 (5.4) | 51.2 (7.7) | 0.17 | 40.6 (5.7) | 39.5 (5.0) | 0.47 |
 | % | 71.9 (7.0) | 73.0 (8.3) | 0.64 | 61.6 (8.5) | 62.8 (5.6) | 0.57 |
 | ∆ | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.60 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.03 ± 0.6 | 0.69 |
 | ∆,% | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.9 |  | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 0.1 ± 1.4 |  |
Body cell mass (kg) | Baseline | 28.1 (3.6) | 27.0 (4.9) | 0.38 | 19.6 (2.9) | 19.1 (2.7) | 0.52 |
 | % | 37.5 (4.7) | 38.5 (5.9) | 0.38 | 29.9 (4.8) | 30.4 (3.1) | 0.67 |
 | ∆ | -0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.77 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | -0.03 ± 0.4 | 0.51 |
 | ∆,% | 0.2 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 2.4 |  | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 0.1 ± 1.9 |  |
Lean tissue mass (kg) | Baseline | 48.9 (5.3) | 46.8 (7.4) | 0.28 | 34.9 (4.5) | 34.4 (4.0) | 0.65 |
 | % | 65.3 (7.6) | 66.9 (9.7) | 0.53 | 53.3 (8.6) | 54.8 (5.6) | 0.48 |
 | ∆ | -0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.76 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | -0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.48 |
 | ∆,% | 0.1 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 2.0 |  | 1.6 ± 1.5 | -0.1 ± 1.5 |  |
Total body water (L) | Baseline | 38.7 (4.3) | 36.7 (6.0) | 0.21 | 29.7 (4.5) | 28.7 (4.0) | 0.40 |
 | % | 51.5 (4.9) | 52.2 (5.1) | 0.63 | 45.1 (5.8) | 45.6 (4.0) | 0.71 |
 | ∆ | 0.02 ± 2.4 | 0.5 ± 3.7 | 0.57 | 0.3 ± 2.3 | 0.01 ± 2.3 | 0.70 |
 | ∆,% | 0.3 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 2.2 |  | 1.4 ± 1.7 | 0.1 ± 1.6 |  |
Intracellular water (L) | Baseline | 21.1 (2.9) | 20.3 (3.7) | 0.42 | 15.8 (2.4) | 15.3 (2.2) | 0.45 |
 | % | 28.1 (3.1) | 28.9 (3.5) | 0.45 | 24.0 (2.9) | 24.4 (2.0) | 0.64 |
 | ∆ | -0.5 ± 1.9 | -0.3 ± 2.1 | 0.86 | 0 ± 1.3 | -0.2 ± 1.3 | 0.69 |
 | ∆,% | -1.5 ± 1.5 | -0.9 ± 2.2 |  | 0.4 ± 1.8 | -0.9 ± 1.7 |  |
Extracellular water (L) | Baseline | 17.5 (1.7) | 16.4 (2.5) | 0.084 | 13.8 (2.1) | 13.3 (1.9) | 0.37 |
 | % | 23.4 (2.3) | 23.3 (2.2) | 0.96 | 21.0 (2.9) | 21.2 (2.1) | 0.79 |
 | ∆ | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.76 |
 | ∆,% | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 2.5 |  | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 1.3 ± 1.7 |  |