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Table 1 Characteristics of Derivation Samples from Ontario Long-Term Care Homes

From: Development of the interRAI Pressure Ulcer Risk Scale (PURS) for use in long-term care and home care settings

Resident Characteristic

Braden Scale Sample

(n = 257)

Assessment/Reassessment SampleM

(n = 14,083)

Age

  

   mean (std dev)

unavailable

82.2 (10.2)

   < 65

 

6.3%

   65-74

 

10.3%

   75-84

 

37.0%

   85+

 

46.5%

Female

unavailable

69.2%

Median day of stay at assessment

451

475

Pressure ulcer (last 7 days)

  

   none

93.4%

91.6%

   stage 1

1.2%

3.3%

   stage 2 or higher

5.4%

5.1%

Moderate cognitive impairment or greater (CPS* 3+)

54.9%

58.8%

Extensive assistance in ADL or greater (ADL hierarchy** 3+)

68.1%

74.7%

CHESS*** 2+

24.1%

17.2%

Diagnoses

  

   - Diabetes

18.7%

21.8%

   - Congestive heart failure

13.3%

11.8%

   - Alzheimer's/related dementia

45.1%

55.6%

   - COPD

21.8%

12.9%

   - Stroke

32.3%

20.7%

Braden Scale Total Score

  

   17-23

59.5%

 

   15-16 (low)

9.7%

 

   13-14 (moderate)

13.6%

 

   6-12 (high)

17.1%

 

Incidence of pressure ulcer

--

3.9%

  1. * CPS: Cognitive Performance Scale, possible scores 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating more severe cognitive impairment, values of 3 or greater equate to an MMSE score of approximately 15 or less
  2. ** ADL Hierarchy: Activities of Daily Living Hierarchy Scale, possible scores 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating more dependence in ADL, values of 3 or greater indicate extensive assistance required
  3. *** CHESS: Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Sign and Symptoms of medical problems, possible scores of 0 to 5 with higher scores indicating more unstable health