Table 1 Baseline characteristics, formal service use, and survival of community-dwelling elders in a city in Japan
| Â | Â | Informal care-giving arrangement (kinship of main family caregiver) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | (main two categories) | (other three categories) | |||
| Â | All | Spousal care | Daughter-in-law care | Biological daughter care | Other relative care | Living alone |
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Â | 191 (100 | 58 (100.0) | 58 (100.0) | 27 (100.0) | 25 (100.0) | 23 (100.0) |
Baseline characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Care recipient's gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Female | 129 (67.5) | 19 (32.8) | 48 (82.8) | 24 (88.9) | 20 (80.0) | 18 (78.3) |
   Male | 62 (32.5) | 39 (67.2) | 10 (17.2) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (20.0) | 5 (21.7) |
Care recipient's age-group (year) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   65-79 | 80 (41.9) | 38 (65.5) | 20 (34.5) | 4 (14.8) | 11 (44.0) | 7 (30.4) |
   80-89 | 81 (42.4) | 18 (31.0) | 23 (39.7) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (36.0) | 13 (56.5) |
   90- | 29 (15.2) | 2 (3.5) | 15 (25.9) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (16.0) | 3 (13.0) |
Baseline care needs level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Assistance required | 24 (12.6) | 2 (3.5) | 7 (12.1) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (16.0) | 6 (26.1) |
   Care needs level 1 and 2 | 105 (55.0) | 34 (58.6) | 32 (55.2) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (44.0) | 13 (56.5) |
   Care needs level 3, 4 and 5 | 50 (26.2) | 18 (31.0) | 18 (31.0) | 7 (25.9) | 5 (20.0) | 2 (8.7) |
Number of people living together | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0-5 | 153 (80.1) | 46 (79.3) | 39 (67.4) | 24 (88.9) | 22 (88.0) | 22 (95.7) |
   6- | 35 (18.3) | 11 (19.0) | 19 (32.8) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Care-giver's age-group (year)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   -49 | 37 (19.4) | 1 (1.7) | 21 (36.2) | 7 (25.9) | 8 (40.0) | - |
   50-59 | 38 (19.9) | 2 (3.5) | 18 (31.0) | 12 (44.4) | 6 (30.0) | - |
   60-69 | 40 (20.9) | 17 (29.3) | 12 (20.7) | 7 (25.9) | 4 (20.0) | - |
   70- | 47 (24.6) | 38 (65.5) | 6 (10.3) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (10.0) | - |
Formal service use in follow-up | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Daycare service use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 46 (24.1) | 19 (32.8) | 6 (10.3) | 4 (14.8) | 10 (40.0) | 7 (30.4) |
   Yes | 145 (75.9) | 39 (67.4) | 52 (89.7) | 23 (85.2) | 15 (60.0) | 16 (69.6) |
Home help service use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 86 (45.0) | 25 (43.1) | 31 (53.5) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (44.0) | 4 (17.4) |
   Yes | 105 (55.0) | 33 (56.9) | 27 (46.6) | 12 (44.4) | 14 (56.0) | 19 (82.6) |
Home-visit nursing service use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 151 (79.1) | 45 (77.6) | 46 (79.3) | 18 (66.7) | 22 (88.0) | 20 (87.0) |
   Yes | 40 (20.9) | 13 (22.4) | 12 (20.7) | 9 (33.3) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (13.0) |
Respite stay service use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 139 (72.8) | 39 (67.2) | 40 (69.0) | 16 (59.3) | 23 (92.0) | 21 (91.3) |
   Yes | 52 (27.2) | 19 (32.8) | 18 (31.3) | 11 (40.7) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.7) |
Institutional care service use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 131 (68.6) | 33 (56.9) | 47 (81.3) | 16 (59.3) | 18 (72.0) | 17 (73.9) |
   Yes | 60 (31.4) | 25 (43.1) | 11 (19.0) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (28.0) | 6 (26.1) |
Cumulative survival rate | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) |
All | ||||||
After 24-month follow-up | 79.4 | 77.6 | 74.0 | 88.9 | 83.3 | 82.6 |
After 48-month follow-up | 66.0 | 63.5 | 56.4 | 74.1 | 70.8 | 82.6 |
Male | ||||||
After 24-month follow-up | 72.6 | 71.8 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
After 48-month follow-up | 57.6 | 53.2 | 80.0 | 66.7 | 40.0 | 60.0 |
Female | ||||||
After 24-month follow-up | 82.7 | 89.5 | 72.7 | 87.5 | 89.5 | 88.9 |
After 48-month follow-up | 70.0 | 84.2 | 51.3 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 88.9 |