Table 1 Included studies reported by populations, fatigue protocols and outcome measures
| STUDY | POPULATION | FATIGUE PROTOCOL | OUTCOME | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Study population |
Control group |
Uni/bilateral muscle group(s) | Intensity |
Sets & rate or speed |
Total reps & duration |
Endpoint (force/ velocity drop) |
Functional task (pre versus post fatigue) |
Main fatigue effect |
Fatigue × Age interaction | |
|
Bellew et al. 2006 [23] |
18 older adults 77 ± 6 yrs All ♀ | - |
Unilateral
Knee flexors/ extensors Ankle plantar/ dorsi-flexors |
Peak torque |
Number of
sets not specified at 180°/s |
Not
specified |
< 50% peak torque |
Quiet standing
Single-limb stance time Voluntary movements Modified functional reach Lower extremity reach |
Yes Yes Yes | N/A |
|
Davidson et el. 2009 [18] |
16 older adults 62.2 ± 5.1 yrs 8 ♂, 8 ♀ |
16 younger adults 9.4 ± 1.4 yrs 8 ♂, 8 ♀ |
Not specified:
Ankle plantar flexors Bilateral: Lumbar extensors |
45% of MVC |
1 set of 23 reps/min Rate not specified |
~322 reps (~14 min) | ~70% MVC |
External
perturbations Maximum forward trunk perturbation withstood without stepping | Yes * |
Yes: effect Y < O |
|
Lin et al. 2009 [19] |
16 older adults 55-65 yrs ♂ and ♀ |
16 young adults 18-24 yrs ♂ and ♀ |
Unilateral
Ankle plantar- flexors Knee extensors Lumbar extensors |
60% of MVC |
1 set of 12 reps/min at 60°/s |
~144 reps (~12 min) | ~60% MVC |
Quiet standing
11 trials of 75 s at 0.75 - 20 min post fatigue compared to 3 trials pre fatigue | Yes * |
Yes: effect Y > O |
|
Mademli et al. 2008 [20] |
11 older adults 65 ± 3 yrs All ♂ |
11 young adults 32 ± 7 yrs All ♂ |
Bilateral
Knee extensors/ flexors |
25% of MVC |
3 sets of 15 reps/min, with 2 min resting intervals at 45°/s |
y: ~80 reps; (6.6 ± 3.6 min) o:~100 reps (8.4 ± 5.3 min) |
~75-80% MVC |
External
perturbations Single step during a forward fall | No * |
No: effect Y = O |
|
Moore et al. 2005 [24] |
21 older adults 71.2 ± 3.8 yrs, Range 66-81 5 ♂, 16 ♀ | - |
Unilateral
Knee flexors/ extensors Ankle plantar/ dorsiflexors Hip abductors/ extensors |
60% of 1 RM |
3 sets of 10-12 reps, with 2 min resting intervals Rate not specified |
~30 - 36 reps |
Not
specified |
Quiet
standing 10 trials of 30 s with 10 s resting intervals | Yes | N/A |
|
Helbostad et al. 2007 [22] |
22 fatigued older adults 78.2 ± 5.0 yrs, Range 70-86 5 ♂, 17 ♀ |
22 unfatigued older adults 80.4 ± 4.9 yrs, Range 73-89 5 ♂ 17 ♀ |
Bilateral
sit-to-stand Leg extensors |
Not
specified |
Fast speed up and down |
~ 25 reps |
12% mean velocity drop 15% peak velocity drop |
Voluntary
movements Walking at habitual gait speed | Yes # | N/A |
|
Petrella et al. 2005 [21] |
24 older adults 63 ± 0.8 yrs, Range 60-75 13 ♂, 11 ♀ |
28 young adults 26.9 ± 0.7 yrs, Range 20-35 12 ♂, 16 ♀ |
Bilateral
sit-to-stand Leg extensors |
Not
specified |
Fast speed up, slow speed down | 10 reps |
27% power drop 12% force drop 20% velocity drop |
Voluntary
movements Sit-to-stand velocity | Yes * |
No: effect Y = O |