Table 2 Odds Ratio for the Risk Factors Associated with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Multiple Logistic Regression Model* (N = 969)
From: Pharmacotherapy and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia
Variables† | Cases (Yes/No)‡ | Control (Yes/No)‡ | Crude OR [95% CI] | Adjusted OR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | -- | -- | 1.01 [0.99-1.03] | 1.01 [0.99 - 1.04] |
Number of serum albumin level below 4 gm/deciliter¶ | -- | -- | 3.23 [2.34 - 4.47] | 2.89 [2.01 - 4.16] |
Sex (female = 1/male = 0) | 119/75 | 641/311 | 0.77 [0.56 - 1.06] | 1.01 [0.66 - 1.53] |
Ex-smoker | 60/131 | 151/797 | 2.42 [1.70 - 3.44] | 1.88 [1.15 - 3.06] |
Current smoker | 28/163 | 73/876 | 2.06 [1.29 - 3.29] | 2.34 [1.22 - 4.50] |
Past Medical History | ||||
Congestive heart failure | 63/131 | 201/751 | 1.80 [1.28 - 2.52] | 1.60 [1.04 - 2.46] |
Coronary artery disease | 77/117 | 299/653 | 1.44 [1.05 - 1.98] | 1.40 [0.94 - 2.08] |
COPD | 91/103 | 178/774 | 3.84 [2.77 - 5.32] | 1.82 [1.17 - 2.82] |
Medication | ||||
Atypical antipsychotics | 25/169 | 63/889 | 2.09 [1.28 - 3.41] | 2.26 [1.23 - 4.15] |
Proton pump Inhibitor | 86/108 | 343/609 | 1.41 [1.03 - 1.93] | 1.18 [0.80 - 1.74] |
β2 agonist bronchodilator | 72/122 | 109/843 | 4.56 [3.21 - 6.50] | 1.29 [0.69 - 2.40] |
Anticholinergic bronchodilator | 44/150 | 63/889 | 4.14 [2.71 - 6.31] | 1.16 [0.59 - 2.26] |
Inhaled corticosteroid | 49/145 | 47/905 | 6.51 [4.20 - 10.07] | 2.89 [1.56 - 5.35] |
Antibiotic use prior to admission | 44/150 | 88/864 | 2.88 [1.93 - 4.30] | 1.81 [1.09 - 3.02] |
Iron supplement | 37/157 | 82/870 | 2.50 [1.64 - 3.82] | 1.58 [0.94 - 2.67] |
Narcotics | 60/134 | 224/728 | 1.46 [1.04 - 2.04] | 1.01 [0.66 - 1.56] |
NSAIDs | 27/167 | 115/837 | 1.18 [0.75 - 1.85] | 1.25 [0.70 - 2.23] |