Table 4 Comparison of the Norfolk care home population with other UK older populations

Rate of falls (per resident, per month)

0.21 int, 0.12 control (first year), 0.25 and 0.24 (second year)

105 residents of Norfolk care homes

0.19 in control group

3717 residents of 118 British care homes [54]

0.16 at baseline

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes in Leeds[55]

0.13 before study began (retrospective data), 0.23 during the 1 year follow up (prospective data)

90 women and 20 men from Cambridge aged 90+ living in the community and in assisted accommodation [30]

Number of residents with at least one fall

58% fell over 12 months in first year, 55% in second year.

105 residents of Norfolk care homes

43% fell over 10 months in control group

3717 residents of 118 British care homes [54]

40% fell over 6 months at baseline, 30% at follow up

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes in Leeds [55]

59% in 12 months in year 1, 53% in year 2

346 residents of 12 nursing homes with severe dementia in Oxford, London, Newcastle [56]

58% reported falling in the year before the study, 60% during the years follow up

90 women and 20 men from Cambridge aged 90+ living in the community and in assisted accommodation [30]

Number with Anaemia

40% with anaemia in first year, 60% in second year

20 residents of Norfolk care homes

47% with anaemia

4 studies (1481 residents) of nursing homes in developed countries [57]

Cognitive impairment

85% of 54 residents (from all 6 homes) had MMSE < 24, or 84% of 37 residents from non-dementia care homes

4 non-"EMI", and 2 dementia care homes.

65% of 445 residents had MMSE < 24

Random sample of residents in 157 "non-EMI" homes in SE England [58]

23% of 104 had MMSE 0-9, 39% 10-19, 38% 20-30

104 older people admitted to residential homes in Nottingham [59]

8% MMSE < 24 in non-demented population, 84% < 24 in those with dementia

Over 12,000 randomly selected UK urban and rural participants aged 65+ [60]

Mean MMSE 19 int, 17 control

4 non-"EMI", and 2 dementia care homes.

Mean MMSE 13.8 and 13.1 in the 2 baseline groups

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes, in Leeds [55]

Median MMSE 26 (age 80-84) and 25 (age 85+) in men, 25 (80-84) and 24 (85+) in women

Over 12,000 randomly selected UK participants aged 65+ with < 9 years education and without dementia [60]

Depression

27% of 48 scored ≥8 on the HADS depression scale

56 residents in 6 Norfolk care homes

38% depressed at admission (reduced over time after admission) 39% depressed at admission (score 5-20 on Geriatric Depression Scale)

188 residents admitted to English care homes who survived >9 months [61] 88 older people admitted to residential homes in Nottingham [59]

GP consultations, per resident per month

0.84 int, 0.54 control (including staff phone consultations)

105 residents of residential homes

0.53

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes, in Leeds [55]

Residents with a hospital stay, %

28% in int, 12% in control homes over first year, 24% & 21% in second year

105 residents of residential homes

18% over first 6 months, 15% in second six months

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes, in Leeds [55]

Deaths, % of population over 1 year

20%

105 residents of residential homes

30%

661 residents of 13 nursing, 38 residential, 14 mixed homes, in Leeds [55]

30%

346 residents of 12 nursing homes with severe dementia in Oxford, London, Newcastle [56]