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Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of Measured Variables

From: Effects of Square Stepping Exercise on cognitive, physical, psychological, and group functioning in sedentary older adults: A center-based hybrid trial

  

Intervention (n = 58)

 

Control (n = 35)

  

Pre

Middle

Post

 

Pre

Middle

Post

Stroop performance in the incongruent condition

Reaction Time

 [ms]

 

2598.24

(1281.52)

2183.26

(765.46)

2105.75

(745.79)

 

1782.30

(493.08)

1667.69 (428.67)

1629.51 (545.08)

Trial Marking Test [ms]

      

 TMT-A

 

76362.53 (28295.07)

68693.45 (28598.82)

64680.26 (23530.48)

 

57689.63 (28895.47)

54570.06 (15331.08)

53734.91 (20716.87)

 TMT-B

 

132937.16 (64970.10)

112067.55 (64942.19)

105212.84 (63664.67)

 

88361.24 (37569.05)

75232.74 (29214.66)

74893.97 (37414.43)

TMT-B–TMT-A

 

61284.09 (56118.49)

49995.70 (55169.02)

43804.98 (51192.29)

 

30281.00 (32981.81)

20870.65 (22075.08)

21095.79 (23229.79)

Gait Speeds [m/sec.]

      

 Normal Speed

 

1.14 (0.20)

1.18 (0.21)

1.22 (0.17)

 

1.27 (0.18)

1.28 (0.19)

1.33 (0.16)

 Maximum Speed

 

1.41 (0.20)

1.45 (0.23)

1.48 (0.20)

 

1.68 (0.24)

1.70 (0.25)

1.70 (0.25)

Subjective Vitality [range: 1–7]

 

5.56 (0.92)

5.88 (0.92)

5.83 (0.98)

 

5.61 (0.78)

5.70 (0.94)

5.64 (0.89)

Group Cohesion [range: 1–9]

      

 ATG-T

 

7.40 (1.37)

7.96 (1.05)

8.14 (0.89)

 

–

–

–

 ATG-S

 

7.08 (1.30)

7.74 (1.04)

7.74 (1.14)

 

–

–

–

 GI-T

 

7.01 (1.43)

7.88 (1.16)

8.06 (1.01)

 

–

–

–

 GI-S

 

6.49 (1.63)

7.37 (1.31)

7.43 (1.35)

 

–

–

–

  1. Note. Mean (SD). ms = milliseconds; ATG-T = Individual Attractions to the Group-Task; ATG-S: Individual Attractions to the Group-Social; GI-T: Group Integration-Task; GI-S: Group Integration-Social