Table 4 Process and results of validation

Content validity

The Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was 0.83 ~ 1.00, and the Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.84

Construct validity

1. Exploratory Factor Analysis

(1) The principal component analysis

(2) Six factors with an Eigenvalue of > 1

(3) Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (0.762) and Bartlett spherical test value 5401.941 (df = 210, P < 0.001)

(4) Explained 77.898% of the total variance

2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CMIN/DF = 2.491, CFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.941, and RMSEA = 0.068

Discriminant validity

The independent sample t-test

The P value < 0.001