Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the overall sample and people assigned to three multimorbidity classes
Characteristics | Total sample (N = 3541) | “Healthy” class (n = 2261, 63.8%) | “Cardiorespiratory/mental/arthritis” class (n = 220, 6.2%) | “Metabolic/stroke” class (n = 1060, 29.9%) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 65.67 (10.28) | 62.80 (9.46) | 70.25 (9.86) | 70.83 (9.67) | <0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 1931 (54.5) | 1166 (51.6) | 126 (57.3) | 639 (60.3) | <0.001 |
Years schooling, mean (SD) | 9.94 (6.15) | 11.19 (6.09) | 6.96 (5.62) | 7.88 (5.61) | <0.001 |
Widowed, n (%) | 748 (21.1) | 336 (14.9) | 76 (34.5) | 336 (31.7) | <0.001 |
Income (quintiles), n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
1st (worst) | 672 (21.1) | 467 (23.2) | 35 (17.0) | 170 (17.5) | |
2nd | 668 (20.9) | 323 (16.1) | 73 (35.5) | 272 (27.9) | |
3rd | 693 (21.7) | 395 (19.6) | 53 (25.7) | 245 (25.2) | |
4th | 735 (23.0) | 501 (24.9) | 33 (16.0) | 201 (20.6) | |
5th (best) | 424 (13.3) | 326 (16.2) | 12 (5.8) | 86 (8.8) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
Depression | 415 (11.7) | 113 (5.0) | 87 (39.5) | 215 (20.3) | <0.001 |
Arthritis | 1051 (30.9) | 319 (14.6) | 130 (64.0) | 602 (59.5) | <0.001 |
Asthma | 287 (8.1) | 91 (4.0) | 161 (73.2) | 35 (3.3) | <0.001 |
COPD | 308 (8.7) | 40 (1.8) | 183 (83.2) | 85 (8.0) | <0.001 |
Angina | 275 (7.8) | 46 (2.0) | 88 (40.0) | 141 (13.3) | <0.001 |
Stroke | 147 (4.1) | 7 (0.3) | 10 (4.5) | 130 (12.3) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 578 (16.3) | 139 (6.1) | 67 (30.6) | 372 (35.1) | <0.001 |
Obesity | 1089 (32.7) | 448 (21.0) | 94 (47.7) | 547 (55.0) | <0.001 |
Edentulism | 640 (18.1) | 167 (7.4) | 71 (32.3) | 402 (37.9) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 2164 (63.2) | 1096 (50.5) | 142 (65.7) | 926 (89.2) | <0.001 |
Cataract | 828 (23.4) | 196 (8.7) | 104 (47.3) | 528 (49.8) | <0.001 |
N° comorbidities, mean (SD) | 2.20 (1.68) | 1.18 (0.81) | 5.17 (1.61) | 3.76 (0.99) | <0.001 |
N° medical visits last 12 months, mean (SD) | 4.05 (6.61) | 3.04 (5.22) | 7.02 (8.95) | 5.55 (8.06) | <0.001 |
Hospital admission last 12 months, n (%) | 790 (22.6) | 374 (16.8) | 98 (44.5) | 318 (30.1) | <0.001 |
Limitations in ADLs, n (%) | 343 (9.7) | 79 (3.5) | 68 (30.9) | 196 (18.5) | <0.001 |
Limitations IADLs, n (%) | 461 (13.0) | 105 (4.6) | 98 (44.5) | 258 (24.3) | <0.001 |
WHODAS, mean (SD) | 12.69 (18.07) | 6.63 (11.78) | 33.77 (24.26) | 21.25 (20.74) | <0.001 |
WHOQOL-Age, mean (SD) | 71.48 (14.86) | 74.84 (13.04) | 59.27 (17.40) | 66.85 (15.37) | <0.001 |
ANIMAL TEST, mean (SD) | 16.91 (7.62) | 17.97 (7.89) | 14.41 (6.74) | 15.17(6.72) | <0.001 |
MEMORY score, mean (SD) | 19.24 (7.07) | 20.66 (7.00) | 15.95 (6.32) | 16.89 (6.50) | <0.001 |