Table 1 Weighted percentages of study variables by urban-rural residence among adults aged 65 and older in China, CLHLS, 2005–2014
Total | Urban | Rural | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
#, Total individuals (unweighted) | 26,604 | 10,582 | 16,022 | |
Access to healthcare | ||||
% inadequate access to healthcare | 7.7 | 5.4 | 9.1 | p < 0.010 |
Health outcomes | ||||
% IADL disabled | 32.0 | 32.3 | 31.7 | p > 0.100 |
% ADL disabled | 7.0 | 10.2 | 4.9 | P < 0.001 |
% Cognitively impaired | 13.3 | 11.9 | 13.6 | p > 0.100 |
% Died in the period 2005–2014 | 26.8 | 26.1 | 27.2 | p > 0.100 |
Sociodemographics | ||||
Mean age (in years) | 72.0 | 71.7 | 72.2 | p < 0.100 |
% Men | 49.2 | 48.3 | 49.8 | p > 0.100 |
% Currently married | 65.5 | 66.1 | 65.1 | p > 0.100 |
% Coresidence with children | 45.2 | 44.5 | 45.6 | p > 0.100 |
% 0 years of schooling | 42.0 | 30.5 | 49.4 | p < 0.001 |
% 1–6 years of schooling | 40.5 | 41.8 | 39.6 | p < 0.001 |
% 7+ years of schooling | 17.5 | 27.7 | 11.0 | p < 0.001 |
% White collar occupation | 12.1 | 22.2 | 5.6 | p < 0.001 |
% Economic independence | 51.8 | 63.7 | 44.2 | p < 0.001 |
National health insurance enrollment | ||||
% Enrolled in rural NCMS | 38.6 | 24.9 | 47.4 | p < 0.001 |
% Enrolled in urban MS | 19.0 | 37.6 | 7.2 | p < 0.001 |
Health behaviors | ||||
% Never smoked | 61.9 | 62.6 | 61.4 | p < 0.05 |
% Quit smoking | 13.0 | 15.6 | 11.4 | p < 0.05 |
% Currently smoking | 25.1 | 21.8 | 27.2 | p < 0.05 |
Leisure activity index score 0 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.9 | p < 0.001 |
Leisure activity index scores 1–9 | 26.9 | 22.4 | 29.7 | p < 0.001 |
Leisure activity index scores 10–14 | 36.1 | 34.1 | 37.3 | p < 0.001 |
Leisure activity index scores 15–24 | 34.4 | 41.3 | 30.0 | p < 0.001 |
Survey measures | ||||
% Wave 2005 | 50.8 | 55.6 | 47.7 | p < 0.001 |
% Wave 2008 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 26.8 | p < 0.001 |
% Wave 2011 | 10.9 | 3.6 | 15.6 | p < 0.001 |
% Wave 2014 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 9.9 | p < 0.001 |
% Proxy response for the adequate access question | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | p > 0.100 |