Characteristic | Study participants with and without ADs (n = 678) | Study participants with and without POA (n = 666) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals with ADs (n = 486) | Individuals without ADs (n = 192) | Test values | p | Individuals with POA (n = 455) | Individuals without POA (n = 211) | Test values | p | |
Age | ||||||||
Years, mean (SD) | 88.6 (2.9) | 88.8 (3.1) | t = 0.652 | 0.676 | 88.6 (2.9) | 88.8 (3.0) | t = 0.717 | 0.474 |
Gender; n (%) | ||||||||
Female | 327 (67.3) | 126 (65.6) | χ2 = 0.171 | 0.679 | 308 (67.7) | 137 (64.9) | χ2 = 0.496 | 0.481 |
Male | 159 (32.7) | 66 (43.4) | 147 (32.3) | 74 (65.1) | ||||
Educationa; n (%) | ||||||||
Low | 251 (51.6) | 121 (63.0) | χ2 = 7.194 | 0.027 | 239 (52.5) | 125 (59.2) | χ2 = 2.686 | 0.261 |
Medium | 163 (33.5) | 49 (25.5) | 149 (32.7) | 58 (27.5) | ||||
High | 72 (14.8) | 22 (11.5) | 67 (14.7) | 28 (13.3) | ||||
Family status; n (%) | ||||||||
Single | 33 (6.8) | 12 (6.2) | χ2 = 2.893 | 0.408 | 27 (5.9) | 17 (8.1) | χ2 = 1.814 | 0.612 |
Married | 123 (25.3) | 46 (24.0) | 116 (25.5) | 49 (23.2) | ||||
Divorced | 26 (5.3) | 5 (2.6) | 20 (4.4) | 12 (5.7) | ||||
Widowed | 304 (62.6) | 129 (67.2) | 292 (64.2) | 133 (63.0) | ||||
Living situation; n (%) | ||||||||
Private household, alone | 246 (50.6) | 110 (57.3) | χ2 = 3.692 | 0.158 | 224 (49.2) | 124 (58.8) | χ2 = 8.032 | 0.018 |
Private household, with others (partner, relative, etc.) | 153 (31.5) | 58 (30.2) | 146 (32.1) | 64 (30.3) | ||||
Assisted living/nursing home/retirement home | 87 (17.9) | 24 (12.5) | 85 (18.7) | 23 (10.9) | ||||
Subjective Cognitive Decline; n (%) | ||||||||
Yes | 301 (61.9) | 118 (61.5) | χ2 = 0.047 | 0.977 | 276 (60.7) | 131 (62.1) | χ2 = 0.132 | 0.936 |
MMSEb,c | ||||||||
Score, mean (SD) | 28.1 (1.8) | 27.6 (1.9) | t = −3.045 | 0.002 | 28.1 (1.7) | 27.6 (1.9) | t = −3.506 | 0.001 |
Self-rated healthd,e | ||||||||
EQ VAS score, mean (SD) | 62.1 (18.9) | 63.3 (18.6) | t = 0.737 | 0.461 | 62.5 (19.0) | 62.0 (18.3) | t = −0.286 | 0.775 |
Depressionf,g; n (%) | ||||||||
Yes | 73 (15.1) | 24 (12.5) | χ2 = 0.746 | 0.388 | 63 (13.9) | 31 (14.7) | χ2 = 0.037 | 0.787 |
Frailtyh | ||||||||
CSHA CFS score; mean (SD) | 3.8 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.4) | U = 46,378.500 | 0.902 | 3.8 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.3) | U = 47,419.000 | 0.796 |
Basic ADLi,j | ||||||||
Barthel Index score; mean (SD) | 92.6 (12.9) | 93.2 (12.2) | U = 45,808.500 | 0.714 | 92.8 (13.1) | 92.2 (12.7) | U = 45,469.500 | 0.286 |
Instrumental ADLk | ||||||||
IADL score; mean (SD) | 6.2 (1.9) | 6.3 (1.9) | U = 44,498.500 | 0.333 | 6.2 (1.9) | 6.3 (1.9) | U = 46,996.000 | 0.653 |