Table 4 Stratification by sex, age and cognitive status effects associations between geriatric syndromes, chronic conditions and disability

Balance impairment

5.69

(5.51, 5.87)^‡

5.73

(5.52, 5.93)^‡

5.51

(5.28, 5.74)^‡

5.94

(5.57, 6.31)^‡

5.71

(5.49, 5.93)^‡

5.46

(5.25, 5.68)^‡

5.42

(5.00, 5.85)^‡

5.55

(5.31, 5.80)^‡

5.95

(5.75, 6.16)^‡

Bowel incontinence

4.53

(4.38, 4.68)^‡

4.43

(4.26, 4.60)^‡

4.77

(4.57, 4.97)^‡

5.00

(4.66, 5.33)^‡

4.61

(4.41, 4.82)^‡

4.46

(4.28, 4.65)^‡

3.98

(3.65, 4.32)^‡

4.60

(4.35, 4.86)^‡

5.43

(5.26, 5.60)^‡

Intact/borderline

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Mild/moderate impairment

1.67

(1.55, 1.79)^‡

1.69

(1.55, 1.83)^‡

1.67

(1.46, 1.88)^‡

1.14

(0.85, 1.43)^‡

1.51

(1.31, 1.70)^‡

1.88

(1.71, 2.04)^‡

1.86

(1.50, 2.22)^‡

N/A

N/A

Moderate-severe/severe impairment

5.27

(5.10, 5.44)^‡

5.40

(5.21, 5.59)^‡

4.94

(4.67, 5.21)^‡

4.21

(3.81, 4.61)^‡

5.16

(4.91, 5.41)^‡

5.57

(5.34, 5.79)^‡

5.35

(4.88, 5.81)^‡

N/A

N/A

None

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Hearing impaired

0.03

(−0.08, 0.14)

0.02

(−0.12 0.15)

0.07

(−0.12, 0.26)

−0.13

(−0.71, 0.45)

−0.04

(−0.26, 0.18)

−0.04

(−0.18, 0.11)

0.26

(0.002, 0.51)^*

0.43

(0.14, 0.72)^†

0.08

(−0.04, 0.20)

Missing data

0.66

(−0.15, 1.46)

0.33

(−0.67, 1.34)

1.21

(−0.09, 2.52)

1.85

(−0.79, 4.49)

0.005

(−1.21, 1.22)

1.18

(−0.21, 2.57)

0.007

(−3.06, 3.08)

0.32

(−1.27, 1.90)

0.74

(−0.16, 1.64)

BMI < 18.5

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 25

−0.54

(−0.68, −0.40)^‡

−0.56

(−0.71, −0.41)^‡

−0.52

(−0.84, −0.21)^†

−0.03

(−0.57, 0.52)

−0.46

(−0.72, −0.19)^†

−0.67

(−0.86, −0.49)^‡

−0.55

(−0.89, −0.20)^†

−0.80

(−1.16, −0.43)^‡

−0.51

(−0.66, −0.36)^‡

25 < BMI <30

−0.87

(−1.03, −0.72)^‡

−0.83

(−0.99, −0.66)^‡

−1.04

(−1.36, −0.71)^‡

−0.69

(−1.24, −0.14)^*

−0.82

(−1.09, −0.54)^‡

−0.96

(−1.17, −0.76)^‡

−0.83

(−1.23, −0.44)^‡

−1.04

(−1.42, −0.67)^‡

−0.97

(−1.14, −0.80)^‡

BMI ≥ 30

−0.59

(−0.75, −0.43)^‡

−0.52

(−0.69, −0.34)^‡

−0.89

(−1.24, −0.53)^‡

−0.68

(−1.23, −0.12)^*

−0.55

(−0.84, −0.26)^‡

−0.62

(−0.84, −0.41)^‡

−0.31

(−0.80, 0.18)

−0.50

(−0.89,-0.10)^†

−0.98

(−1.16, −0.81)^‡

None

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Less than daily pain

0.29

(0.19, 0.39)^‡

0.25

(0.13, 0.36)^‡

0.39

(0.22, 0.57)^‡

0.26

(−0.03, 0.54)

0.18

(0.03, 0.34)^*

0.34

(0.20, 0.48)^‡

0.19

(−0.09, 0.48)

0.50

(0.30, 0.69)^‡

−0.007

(−0.12, 0.11)

Daily or severe daily pain

0.82

(0.70, 0.94)^‡

0.78

(0.64, 0.92)^‡

0.90

(0.68, 1.13)^‡

0.70

(0.35, 1.05)^‡

0.76

(0.57, 0.95)^‡

0.86

(0.69, 1.02)^‡

0.67

(0.28, 1.05)^†

0.81

(0.59, 1.04)^‡

0.62

(0.47, 0.76)^‡

Pressure ulcer

2.67

(2.52, 2.82)^‡

2.70

(2.52, 2.87)^‡

2.59

(2.32, 2.86)^‡

3.03

(2.57, 3.48)^‡

2.70

(2.45, 2.95)^‡

2.63

(2.42, 2.84)^‡

2.39

(1.98, 2.81)^‡

3.34

(2.98, 3.71)^‡

2.78

(2.62, 2.94)^‡

Urinary incontinence

4.19

(4.04, 4.35)^‡

4.30

(4.12, 4.49)^‡

3.97

(3.76, 4.19)^‡

4.00

(3.66, 4.34)^‡

4.19

(3.98, 4.40)^‡

4.28

(4.08, 4.49)^‡

4.06

(3.66, 4.45)^‡

4.48

(4.25, 4.71)^‡

4.28

(4.10, 4.46)^‡

None

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Moderate impairment

0.68

(0.59, 0.77)^‡

0.68

(0.57, 0.78)^‡

0.70

(0.55, 0.85)^‡

0.73

(0.48, 0.98)^‡

0.64

(0.50, 0.79)^‡

0.67

(0.55, 0.79)^‡

0.80

(0.53, 1.07)^‡

0.53

(0.33, 0.73)^‡

0.99

(0.88, 1.09)^‡

Severe impairment

2.49

(2.33, 2.65)^‡

2.45

(2.27, 2.63)^‡

2.58

(2.30, 2.86)^‡

2.82

(2.38, 3.26)^‡

2.72

(2.45, 3.00)^‡

2.39

(2.18, 2.60)^‡

2.21

(1.83, 2.59)^‡

1.98

(1.49, 2.48)^‡

3.50

(3.32, 3.67)^‡

Arthritis

0.08

(−.0003, 0.15)

0.09

(−0.007, 0.18)

0.04

(−0.09, 0.16)

−0.16

(−0.40, 0.08)

0.10

(−0.03, 0.23)

0.12

(0.006, 0.23)^*

0.13

(−0.11, 0.38)

0.13

(−0.05, 0.32)

−0.10

(−0.18,−0.008)^*

Asthma

0.10

(−0.04, 0.24)

0.09

(−0.06, 0.24)

0.17

(−0.11, 0.45)

0.03

(−0.42, 0.48)

0.10

(−0.14, 0.34)

0.20

(−0.001, 0.40)

−0.11

(−0.62, 0.39)

0.07

(−0.22, 0.35)

0.08

(−0.07, 0.24)

Cancer

−0.12

(−0.19, −0.04)^†

−0.15

(−0.25, −0.06)^†

−0.06

(−0.20, 0.06)

−0.09

(−0.36, 0.18)

−0.16

(−0.29, −0.03)^*

−0.08

(−0.20, 0.02)

−0.17

(−0.43, 0.08)

−0.20

(−0.38, −0.03)^*

−0.21

(−0.30, −0.12)^‡

Chronic kidney disease

0.31

(0.22, 0.40)^‡

0.26

(0.15, 0.37)^‡

0.40

(0.24, 0.55)^‡

0.39

(0.09, 0.68)^*

0.32

(0.17, 0.48)^‡

0.31

(0.18, 0.44)^‡

0.32

(0.02, 0.62)^*

0.22

(0.03, 0.41)^*

0.26,

(0.15, 0.36)^‡

Coronary artery disease

−0.13

(−0.21, −0.05)^†

−0.11

(−0.20, −0.02)^*

−0.18

(−0.32, −0.04)^*

−0.29

(−0.56, −0.02)^*

−0.04

(−0.17, 0.10)

−0.15

(−0.26, −0.04)^*

−0.19

(−0.44, 0.05)

−0.25

(−0.43, −0.08)^†

−0.17

(−0.26, −0.07)^‡

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease

−0.07

(−0.17, 0.02)

−0.09

(−0.21, 0.02)

−0.04

(−0.20, 0.12)

−0.09

(−0.38, 0.21)

−0.30

(−0.47, −0.14)^‡

0.08

(−0.05, 0.21)

0.11

(−0.21, 0.44)

−0.16

(−0.35, 0.03)

−0.23

(−0.34, −0.12)^‡

Dementia

−0.22

(−0.35, −0.10)^†

−0.32

(−0.47, −0.17)^‡

0.02

(−0.20, 0.23)

−0.41

(−0.72, −0.10)^*

−0.39

(−0.61, −0.17)^‡

−0.10

(−0.29, 0.08)

0.21

(−0.16, 0.59)

−0.25

(−0.43, −0.06)^†

0.23

(0.06, 0.40)^†

Diabetes

−0.06

(−0.14, 0.02)

−0.03

(−0.13, 0.07)

−0.12

(−0.25, 0.01)

−0.24

(−0.49, 0.009)

−0.10

(−0.23, 0.03)

−0.004

(−0.12, 0.12)

0.32

(0.04, 0.60)^*

−0.34 (−0.52, −0.16)^‡

−0.12

(−0.21, −0.03)^*

Epilepsy

0.47

(0.32, 0.61)^‡

0.61

(0.44, 0.78)^‡

0.20

(−0.03, 0.44)

0.47

(0.16, 0.77)^†

0.36

(0.14, 0.58)^†

0.60

(0.37, 0.84)^‡

−0.05

(−0.77, 0.67)

0.13

(−0.23, 0.49)

0.62

(0.46, 0.79)^‡

Heart failure

0.36

(0.27, 0.46)^‡

0.36

(0.25, 0.47)^‡

0.37

(0.20, 0.53)^‡

0.31

(−0.009, 0.63)

0.41

(0.24, 0.58)^‡

0.35

(0.22, 0.48)^‡

0.34

(0.06, 0.61)^*

0.47

(0.29, 0.65)^‡

0.20

(0.09, 0.31)^‡

Limb paralysis or amputation

1.78

(1.63, 1.93)^‡

1.81

(1.63, 2.00)^‡

1.79

(1.55, 2.02)^‡

1.59

(1.27, 1.91)^‡

1.93

(1.70, 2.17)^‡

1.77

(1.55, 1.99)^‡

1.57

(1.11, 2.04)^‡

2.54

(2.24, 2.83)^‡

1.44

(1.27, 1.60)^‡

Mood disorder

0.30

(0.22, 0.38)^‡

0.32

(0.23, 0.42)^‡

0.26

(0.12, 0.41)^‡

−0.10

(−0.33, 0.14)

0.20

(0.08, 0.33)^†

0.44

(0.33, 0.55)^‡

0.38

(0.12, 0.64)^†

0.42

(0.23, 0.60)^‡

0.15

(0.06, 0.24)^†

Parkinson’s disease

1.75

(1.63, 1.87)^‡

1.79

(1.63, 1.95)^‡

1.72

(1.53, 1.91)^‡

1.61

(1.25, 1.97)^‡

1.87

(1.69, 2.06)^‡

1.66

(1.46, 1.86)^‡

1.66

(1.09, 2.23)^‡

2.18

(1.89, 2.47)^‡

1.54

(1.41, 1.67)^‡

Peripheral vascular disease

0.03

(−0.10, 0.16)

0.11

(−0.05, 0.27)

−0.10

(−0.31, 0.11)

−0.24

(−0.65, 0.17)

0.01

(−0.21, 0.23)

0.13

(−0.06, 0.31)

0.001

(−0.44, 0.45)

−0.18

(−0.43, 0.06)

−0.03

(−0.18, 0.13)

Psychiatric conditions other than depression and dementia

−0.42

(−0.50, −0.33)^‡

−0.39

(−0.49, −0.29)^‡

−0.46

(−0.62, −0.31)^‡

−0.61

(−0.84, −0.39)^‡

−0.38

(−0.52, −0.24)^‡

−0.35

(−0.48, −0.23)^‡

−0.20

(−0.49, 0.09)

−0.65

(−0.83, −0.46)^‡

−0.39

(−0.48, −0.30)^‡

Stroke

0.46

(0.38, 0.55)^‡

0.48

(0.37, 0.58)^‡

0.45

(0.29, 0.60)^‡

0.39

(0.13, 0.66)^†

0.48

(0.34, 0.63)^‡

0.45

(0.32, 0.58)^‡

0.56

(0.28, 0.83)^‡

0.68

(0.49, 0.86)^‡

0.35

(0.25, 0.44)^‡