Table 2 Characteristics of older people according to their HRQL
From: Health-related quality of life and associated factors in functionally independent older people
Variables | Health-Related Quality of Life | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Poor (n = 292) | Good (n = 342) | p-value | |
Sex | |||
Men | 125 (44) | 160 (56) | 0.316 |
Women | 167 (48) | 182 (52) | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 75.1 (6.6) | 74.6 (6.7) | 0.378 |
Level of education | |||
Primary or lower | 250 (48) | 269 (52) | 0.028 |
Secondary or higher | 42 (37) | 72 (63) | |
Missing | 0 | 1 | |
Monthly family income (€) | |||
≤ 1,500 euros | 178 (52) | 167 (48) | 0.002 |
≥ 1,501 euros | 53 (37) | 92 (63) | |
Missing | 61 | 83 | |
Living arrangements | |||
Alone | 77 (48) | 82 (52) | 0.502 |
With others | 215 (45) | 259 (55) | |
Missing | 0 | 1 | |
Number of diagnosed chronic diseases | |||
0-2 | 176 (39) | 272 (61) | <0.0001 |
≥ 3 | 116 (62) | 70 (38) | |
Number of drugs consumed daily | |||
0-2 | 164 (39) | 258 (61) | <0.0001 |
≥ 3 | 128 (60) | 84 (40) | |
GDS score | |||
Not depressive symptoms (<5) | 235 (42) | 321 (58) | <0.0001 |
Depressive symptoms (≥5) | 57 (73) | 21 (27) | |
Falls in the previous 12 months | |||
0 | 231 (45) | 284 (55) | 0.206 |
≥ 1 | 61 (51) | 58 (49) | |
Sensory impairment | |||
Yes | 94 (58) | 69 (42) | 0.001 |
No | 198 (42) | 273 (58) | |
Smoker | |||
Yes | 19 (45) | 23 (55) | 0.921 |
No | 272 (46) | 319 (54) | |
Missing | 1 | 0 | |
Physical activity in the previous 2 weeks | |||
Yes | 232 (44) | 299 (56) | 0.007 |
No | 60 (58) | 43 (42) | |
Sleep quality | |||
Good | 243 (44) | 309 (56) | 0.008 |
Bad | 49 (60) | 33 (40) | |
Nutrition pattern (STARU score) | |||
Good (<7) | 268 (45) | 331 (55) | 0.006 |
Bad (≥7) | 24 (69) | 11 (31) | |
Cognitively stimulating activities | |||
Yes | 274 (45) | 334 (55) | 0.016 |
No | 18 (69) | 8 (31) | |
Active leisure activities | |||
Yes | 282 (46) | 331 (54) | 0.884 |
No | 10 (48) | 11 (52) | |
Social leisure activities | |||
Yes | 252 (46) | 300 (54) | 0.596 |
No | 40 (49) | 42 (51) | |
Group social activities | |||
Yes | 144 (42) | 202 (58) | 0.014 |
No | 147 (51) | 139 (49) | |
Missing | 1 | 1 | |
LSNS score | |||
High risk of social isolation (<12) | 76 (54) | 64 (46) | 0.027 |
Low risk of social isolation (≥12) | 216 (44) | 278 (56) | |
Duke-UNC FSSQ score | |||
Low level of social support (≤32) | 48 (67) | 24 (33) | 0.0002 |
High level of social support (>32) | 244 (43) | 318 (57) | |
STS | |||
Low social trust (≤5) | 124 (60) | 84 (40) | <0.0001 |
High social trust (>5) | 168 (39) | 258 (61) | |
Self-perceived social life | |||
Unsatisfactory | 28 (65) | 15 (35) | 0.009 |
Satisfactory | 264 (45) | 327 (55) | |
Heating | |||
Yes | 222 (44) | 285 (56) | 0.022 |
No | 70 (55) | 57 (45) | |
Obstacles inside their home | |||
Yes | 35 (69) | 16 (31) | 0.001 |
No | 256 (44) | 324 (56) | |
Missing | 1 | 2 | |
Obstacles in the closest home environment | |||
Yes | 57 (65) | 31 (35) | 0.0002 |
No | 234 (43) | 309 (57) | |
Missing | 1 | 2 | |
Self-perceived housing condition | |||
Good | 265 (46) | 313 (54) | 0.734 |
Poor | 27 (48) | 29 (52) | |
Adequate community services | |||
Adequate | 251 (48) | 273 (52) | 0.042 |
Not adequate | 41 (37) | 69 (63) | |
Shopping facilities within walking distance | |||
Yes | 230 (45) | 285 (55) | 0.142 |
No | 62 (52) | 57 (48) | |