Frailty and post-operative outcomes in older surgical patients: a systematic review

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Adverse outcome associated with frailty, grouped by the quality of studies

Outcome	Number of studies
Outcome		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Mortality
1 year Mortality	Quality [ref]	Q1 [21]	Q1 [33]	Q1 [39]	Q1 [37]	Q1 [38]	Q2 [18]	Q2 [19]	Q2 [23]	Q2 [24]	Q2 [32]
n = 10	N sample	100	275	244	12979	218	159	30	213	450	410
2 Year Mortality	Quality [ref]	Q1 [38]
n = 1	N sample	218
5 year Mortality	Quality [ref]	Q1 [27]
n = 1	N sample	178
30 Day Mortality	Quality [ref]	Q1 [21]	Q1 [26]	Q1 [31]	Q1 [36]	Q2 [22]	Q1 [30]
n = 6	N sample	100	176	184	178	400	325
90 Day Mortality	Quality [ref]	Q1 [37]	Q1 [30]
n = 2	N sample	12979	325
Post-Operative Complications
Non-routine recovery	Quality [ref]	Q1 [25]	Q1 [31]	Q2 [18]	Q2 [29]	Q1 [17]	Q1 [33]	Q1 [34]	Q1 [35]	Q1 [39]
n = 10	N sample	178	184	159	83	152	275	125	35	244
Need for resuscitation	Quality [ref]	Q2 [23]
n = 1	N sample	213
Delirium	Quality [ref]	Q1 [35]
n = 1	N sample	35
MACCE	Quality [ref]	Q1 [21]	Q2 [23]	Q2 [19]
n = 3	N sample	100	213	30
Discharge
Length of stay	Quality [ref]	Q1 [36]	Q1 [35]	Q1 [30]	Q2 [32]	Q2 [18]	Q1 [34]
n = 6	N sample	178	35	325	410	159	125
Discharge to Institution	Quality [ref]	Q1 [33]	Q2 [32]
n = 3	N sample	275	410
Functional Decline	Quality [ref]	Q1 [34]
n = 1	N sample	125
Post-Discharge
Readmission rate: 1 year	Quality [ref]	Q2 [32]	Q1 [30]
n = 2	N sample	410	325
Functional Decline	Quality [ref]	Q1 [20]	Q2 [28]
n = 2	N sample	119 *at 6 months*	84 16–28 months
Quality of Life: 6 months, 1 year	Quality [ref]	Q1 [39]
n = 1	N sample	244

Bold: studies which found statistically significant association
Q1 quartile one quality assessment, Q2 quartile two quality assessment, MACCE major cardiac & cerebral adverse events

ISSN: 1471-2318