Fig. 1
From: Cardiovascular responses to orthostasis and their association with falls in older adults
Cardiovascular Responses to the Passive Seated Orthostatic Stress Test in Fallers (Black) and Non-fallers (White). Data are shown at each time point of interest, expressed as the mean percentage change relative to supine values ± standard error of the mean. Abbreviations: systolic arterial pressure (SAP); diastolic arterial pressure (DAP); heart rate (HR); stroke volume (SV); cardiac output (CO); and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Significant differences between groups (Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test) are denoted by * (p < 0.05)