Individual music therapy for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms for people with dementia and their carers: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study

Table 3 Changes in music therapy versus standard care

Outcome	Month 3-Baseline						Month 5-Baseline						Month 7-Baseline
Outcome	n	Mean difference	95 % confidence interval	Standard error	Effect size d	p	n	Mean difference	95 % confidence interval	Standard error	Effect size d	p	n	Mean difference	95 % confidence interval	Standard error	Effect size d	p
Symptoms (NPI-NH)
Standard Care	7	−13.21	−24.50 to −1.93	5.13	1.44	0.026	7	−14.00	−24.25 to −3.76	4.66	1.69	0.012	7	−25.52	−39.10 to −11.95	6.17	2.32	0.002
Music Therapy	6	−13.21	−24.50 to −1.93	5.13	1.44	0.026	6	−14.00	−24.25 to −3.76	4.66	1.69	0.012	6	−25.52	−39.10 to −11.95	6.17	2.32	0.002
Disruptiveness (NPI-NH)
Standard care	7	−6.38	−11.53 to −1.23	1.52	2.34	0.02	7	−7.38	−11.20 to −3.57	1.73	2.39	0.001	7	−12.69	−18.50 to −6.88	2.64	2.69	0.001
Music therapy	6	−6.38	−11.53 to −1.23	1.52	2.34	0.02	6	−7.38	−11.20 to −3.57	1.73	2.39	0.001	6	−12.69	−18.50 to −6.88	2.64	2.69	0.001
Wellbeing (DCM)
Standard care	7	1.65	0.71 to 2.58	0.42	2.28	0.003	7	4.14	1.97 to 6.31	0.97	2.48	0.002	7	1.87	1.24 to 2.50	0.28	3.85	<0.001
Music therapy	5	1.65	0.71 to 2.58	0.42	2.28	0.003	5	4.14	1.97 to 6.31	0.97	2.48	0.002	5	1.87	1.24 to 2.50	0.28	3.85	<0.001
Personal enhancers (DCM)
Standard care		−24.08	−97.47 to 49.32	17.06		0.294		−28.08	−86.70 to 30.55	13.63		0.176		−18.83	−37.68 to 0.026	4.38		0.050
Music therapy		−24.08	−97.47 to 49.32	17.06		0.294		−28.08	−86.70 to 30.55	13.63		0.176		−18.83	−37.68 to 0.026	4.38		0.050

The results for the first three rows above have been obtained using the SPSS repeated measures analysis of variance procedure. The Greenhouse-Geisser statistic for checking the correlation structure is 0.85 for Symptom (NPI-NH), 0.78 for Disruptiveness (NPI-NH), and 0.82 for Wellbeing (DCM), and this has led to the decision to use the SPSS results assuming “sphericity”

ISSN: 1471-2318