Table 1 Operational definition of frailty phenotype in the Sasaguri Genkimon Study
Definition | |
|---|---|
Shrinking | Unintentional weight loss > 2–3 kg in the prior 6 months. |
Weakness | Grip strength in the lowest 20%, stratified by gender and BMI (kg/m2) |
Male | ≤25.00 kg for BMI < 18.5, ≤ 30.00 kg for 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, ≤ 31.50 kg for 25 ≤ BMI < 30, ≤ 33.00 kg for BMI ≥ 30 |
Female | ≤17.50 kg for BMI < 18.5, ≤ 19.50 kg for 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, ≤ 20.50 kg for BMI 25 ≤ BMI < 30, ≤ 19.75 kg for BMI ≥ 30 |
Exhaustion | Positive answer to either of two self-reported questions. Participants were asked how they felt in last one month: “Did you feel that everything you did was an effort?”, “Did you feel exhausted without any reason?” |
Slowness | Time of 5-metre walk test at one’s maximum waking speed in the highest 20%, stratified by gender and standing height (gender-specific cutoff: a medium height). |
Male | Time ≥ 3.56 s for height < 162.0 cm or Time ≥ 3.21 s for height ≥ 162.0 cm |
Female | Time ≥ 4.25 s for height < 148.7 cm or Time ≥ 3.61 s for height ≥ 148.7 cm |
Low physical activity | Lowest 20% of energy expenditure of physical activity by a triaxial accelerometer; quantified as kilocalories/kg (body weight), stratified by gender. |
Male | ≤6.20 kcal/kg/day |
Female | ≤7.13 kcal/kg/day |
Overall frailty status | Non-frail: 0 affected component. Pre-frail: 1–2 affected components. Frail ≥ 3 affected components. |