Table 2 Summary Odds Ratios for Predictors of Nursing Home Admission in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
From: Predicting nursing home admission in the U.S: a meta-analysis
Predictor | Data Sources Included (% of Participants Who Entered Nursing Home) | Pooled Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | PValue for Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|
ADLs | LSOA(14.6) [10], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], NLTCS (14.8) [24] | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | .73 |
1–2 ADLs (versus 0 ADLs) | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21], NLTCS (14.8) [15], LSOA(n/a) [11] | 2.45 (2.02–2.97) | .87 |
ADLs >= 1 | MHCPS(9.1) [33], GAO(25.4) [35] | 1.88 (.86–4.08) | .01 |
ADLs >= 3 | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21], NLTCS(14.8) [15], LSOA(n/a) [11] | 3.25 (2.59–4.09) | .30 |
Age | MHCPS(9.1) [36], LSOA(14.6) [10], EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21], MEHCP(24.4) [26], NLTCS(8.0) [23], AHEAD(9.7) [28], GAO(25.4) [35] | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | .00 |
Age squared | MS(2.9) [32], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], AHEAD [28] | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | .00 |
Available informal caregiver | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(8.0) [23], GAO(25.4) [35] | 1.23 (1.04–1.46) | .57 |
Cognitive impairment | NLTCS(16.9) [13], MEHCP(24.4) [26], MHCPS(9.1) [37] | 2.54 (1.44–4.51) | .04 |
Education | MHCPS(9.1) [36], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], GAO(25.4) [35] | 1.03 (.97–1.08) | .20 |
Female | MHCPS(9.1) [36], LSOA(14.6) [10], EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21], NLTCS(14.8) [15], AHEAD(9.7) [28], GAO(25.4) [35] | .97 (.87–1.08) | .02 |
Formal help | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(14.8) [15] | 1.23 (.93–1.62) | .47 |
Subjective health | MHCPS(9.1) [36], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], LSOA(3.9) [27] | .90 (.58–1.39) | .00 |
Homeowner | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(16.9) [13] | .82 (.71–.95) | .21 |
Prior hospitalization | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(16.9) [13], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34] | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | .67 |
IADLs | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(8.0) [23] | .98 (.71–1.36) | .00 |
Income | NLTCS [11], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], AHEAD(9.7) [28], GAO(25.4) [35] | .95 (.83–1.08) | .00 |
Annual income > $5,000 (vs. $5,000–$10,000) | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 1.02 (.78–1.33) | .82 |
Annual income < $5,000 (vs. $5,000–$10,000) | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 1.45 (1.15–1.83) | .70 |
Annual income missing (vs. $5,000–$10,000) | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 1.72 (1.23–2.39) | .16 |
Lives alone | MHCPS(9.1) [36], EPESE-EB [21], EPESE-NH [21], EPESE-IOWA [21], NLTCS(15.7) [14], LSOA(3.9) [27], GAO(25.4) [35] | 1.91 (1.55–2.35) | .02 |
Lives with others, no spouse | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 1.54 (.91–2.63) | .12 |
Married | LSOA(14.6) [10], EPESE-IOWA(11.9) [34], AHEAD(9.7) [28] | .63 (.41–.95) | .01 |
Medicaid-eligible | MHCPS(9.1) [36], MS(2.9) [32], LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(14.8) [15] | 1.21 (.89–1.65) | .00 |
Number of children | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(14.8) [24] | .88 (.80–.97) | .00 |
Prior nursing home use | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21], MHCPS(2.9) [33], NLTCS(14.8) [15] | 3.47 (1.89–6.37) | .00 |
SPMSQ >= 4 errors | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 2.33 (1.80–3.00) | .48 |
SPMSQ missing | EPESE-EB(4.0) [21], EPESE-NH(9.0) [21], EPESE-IOWA(12.0) [21] | 1.94 (.68–5.51) | .01 |
White (vs. all other races/ethnicities) | LSOA(14.6) [10], NLTCS(15.7) [14], AHEAD(9.7) [28] | 1.61 (1.22–2.11) | .04 |