Born 1948 | Born 1938 | Born 1918 to 28 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
Men, n | 46 | 51 | 55 | |||
Age (years) | 50.8 ± 0.3 | 60.2 ± 0.4 | 60.6 ± 0.4 | 70.3 ± 0.4 | 72.1 ± 3.7 | 81.8 ± 3.7 |
Height (cm) | 177.8 ± 6.1 | 177.6 ± 6.1 | 173.5 ± 5.6 | 173.6 ± 5.8 | 173.0 ± 5.8 | 172.8 ± 5.9 |
Weight (kg) | 79.7 ± 11.8 | 81.1 ± 13.4 | 78.8 ± 10.8 | 79.7 ± 10.7 | 77.3 ± 10.6 | 75.1 ± 11.7** |
Smoking, former/current (%) | 20/24 | 28/15 | 29/35 | 48/22* | 38/18 | 49/11 |
Alcohol, g/week | 74 ± 56 | 81 ± 49 | 72 ± 54 | 78 ± 68 | 73 ± 57 | 76 ± 61 |
History of disease/medication use (%) | 10.9 | 21.7 | 17.6 | 37.3** | 29.1 | 54.5*** |
Self-reported disability (%) | 2.2 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 18.2* |
Habitual physical activity (% inactive) | 50.0 | 65.2 | 47.1 | 51.0 | 50.9 | 67.3 |
Forearm BMD (mg/cm2) | 671 ± 69 | 619 ± 95*** | 645 ± 82 | 595 ± 84*** | 609 ± 96 | 547 ± 101*** |
Grip strength (kp/cm2) | 1.28 ± 0.21 | 0.90 ± 0.20*** | 1.19 ± 0.27 | 0.86 ± 0.22*** | 0.94 ± 0.26 | 0.68 ± 0.23*** |
Balance (seconds) | 149 ± 19 | 143 ± 27 | 134 ± 22 | 122 ± 29** | 126 ± 26 | 95 ± 27*** |
Gait velocity (m/s) | 2.03 ± 0.33 | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 1.78 ± 0.30 | 1.69 ± 0.33 | 1.71 ± 0.29 | 1.49 ± 0.38*** |
Women, n | 70 | 70 | 66 | |||
Age (years) | 51.0 ± 0.5 | 60.3 ± 0.4 | 60.7 ± 0.4 | 70.3 ± 0.4 | 72.1 ± 3.6 | 81.9 ± 3.6 |
Height (cm) | 163.8 ± 5.8 | 163.8 ± 5.6 | 161.8 ± 6.7 | 162.2 ± 6.6 | 161.3 ± 5.0 | 161.1 ± 5.0 |
Weight (kg) | 66.8 ± 10.3 | 69.8 ± 11.1*** | 70.1 ± 13.3 | 71.8 ± 15.5* | 70.6 ± 13.6 | 67.6 ± 12.4*** |
Age at menarche (years) | 13.6 ± 1.4 | - | 14.2 ± 1.5 | - | 14.1 ± 1.4 | - |
Menopause, n (%) | 42.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Age at menopause (years) | 46.3 ± 3.6 | 52.6 ± 1.9 | 50.3 ± 3.5 | - | 48.5 ± 4.7 | - |
Years postmenopausal | 4.7 ± 3.4 | 10.6 ± 4.0 | 10.4 ± 3.5 | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 23.6 ± 6.1 | 33.4 ± 6.1 |
Hormone therapy: former/current (%) | 20.3 | 47.8*** | 11.4 | 24.3* | 7.7 | 10.9 |
Smoking, former/current (%) | 13/36 | 23/27* | 14/16 | 19/16 | 11/5 | 11/5 |
Alcohol, g/week | 43 ± 63 | 49 ± 48 | 44 ± 28 | 38 ± 18 | 57 ± 40 | 52 ± 44 |
History of disease/medication use (%) | 17.1 | 34.3*** | 30.0 | 45.7** | 43.1 | 66.7*** |
Self-reported disability (%) | 8.6 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 15.2 | 25.8 |
Habitual physical activity (% inactive) | 85.7 | 78.6 | 82.9 | 68.6* | 84.8 | 83.3 |
Forearm BMD (mg/cm2) | 527 ± 55 | 492 ± 77*** | 477 ± 61 | 409 ± 66*** | 418 ± 81 | 355 ± 79*** |
Grip strength (kp/cm2) | 0.88 ± 0.23 | 0.67 ± 0.17*** | 0.79 ± 0.20 | 0.59 ± 0.15*** | 0.62 ± 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.13*** |
Balance (seconds) | 140 ± 20 | 136 ± 26 | 127 ± 18 | 107 ± 22*** | 113 ± 26 | 88 ± 28*** |
Gait velocity (m/s) | 1.65 ± 0.32 | 1.64 ± 0.37 | 1.56 ± 0.27 | 1.55 ± 0.37 | 1.43 ± 0.24 | 1.18 ± 0.38*** |