Table 2 Reported odd’s ratio’s (OR) of included studies for survival after CPR

Applebaum 1990 [19]

Nursing home residency

0.14 (0.04-0.61)

NR

Not applicable

Ahn 2010 [22]

Age 15–64 y

1.0

1.0

Gender, age, location, witness, initial rhythm, elapsed time interval before start BLS¹ and ALS², level of EMS³ provider (basic or intermediate).

Age ≥ 65 y

0.54 (0.44-0.65)

0.50 (0.41-0.62)

Gender (male)

1.57 (1.29-1.92)

1.14 (0.93-1.42)

Deasy 2011 [30] (Non-shockable rhythms)

Age 65–69 y

1.0

1.0

Witnessed arrest, year in which arrest took place, sex, provision of bystander CPR, EMS response time, location of arrest.

Age 70–74 y

0.87 (0.69-1.09)

0.93 (0.73-1.19)

Age 75–59 y

0.84 (0.68-1.05)

0.88 (0.69-1.11)

Age 80–84 y

0.78 (0.62-0.97)

0.86 (0.67-1.09)

Age 85–89 y

0.61 (0.48-0.79)

0.65 (0.49-0.85)

Age 90–94 y

0.42 (0.30-0.60)

0.45 (0.31-0.65)

Age 95–99 y

0.20 (0.08-0.50)

0.21 (0.08-0.52)

Deasy 2011 [30] (Shockable rhythms)

Age 65–69 y

1.0

1.0

Witnessed arrest, year in which arrest took place, sex, provision of bystander CPR, EMS response time, location of arrest.

Age 70–74 y

1.17 (0.92-1.49)

1.25 (0.97-1.61)

Age 75–59 y

1.24 (0.98-1.58)

1.29 (1.00-1.65)

Age 80–84 y

0.92 (0.71-1.19)

0.87 (0.66-1.15)

Age 85–89 y

0.85 (0.62-1.18)

0.82 (0.59-1.15)

Age 90–94 y

0.75 (0.45-1.25)

0.72 (0.42-1.24)

Age 95–99 y

0.12 (0.01-0.93)

0.11 (0.01-0.87)

Fabbri 2006 [27]⁴

Age >74 y vs. <74

0.39 (0.21-0.71)

0.41 (0.87-0.93)

Initial rhythm, sex, age, comorbidity (history of diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction), seasonality, day-week, day-times, urban setting, home location, response times.

Gender (male)

2.21 (1.11-4.41)

3.5 (1.18-10.36)

Heart failure⁴¹

0.04 (0.03-0.31)

0.37 (0.14-0.99)

Cardiovascular disorder

0.28 (0.11-0.72)

0.40 (0.16-1.00)

0.38 (0.17-0.86)

0.34 (0.14-0.83)

Hypertension

0.36 (0.16-0.82)

0.70 (0.58-0.85)

Diabetes mellitus

Herlitz 2005 [16]

Age > 73 y vs. < 73 y

0.53 (0.46-0.62)

0.63 (0.50-0.71)

Witnessed arrest, initial rhythm, provision of bystander CPR, ALS response interval, age, sex.

1.14 (0.97-1.33)

NR

Gender (male)

Iwami 2006 [38]

Nursing home

0.96 (0.39-2.4)

NR

Kim 2000 [32]

Age (per decade)

NR

0.92 (0.85-0.99)

Witnessed arrest, initial rhythm, sex, age, provision of bystander CPR, location of arrest.

Gender (male)

NR

1.03 (1.32-0.77)

Mosier 2010 [33]

Age (per decade)

NR

0.79 (0.67-0.93)

Witnessed arrest, VF⁵, agonal respirations, EMS response time, age.

Swor 2000 [34]

Age 50–59 y

1.0

1.0

Witnessed arrest, VF, provision of bystander CPR, ALS response interval <9 min.

Age 60–69 y

0.81 (0.52-1.26)

0.86 (0.52-1.42)

Age > 70-79 y

0.70 (0.44-1.10)

0.83 (0.50-1.37)

Age > 80 y

0.31 (0.17-0.57)

0.40 (0.20-0.82)