Table 2 Characteristics of included studies and participants, Ginkgo biloba for dementia
From: Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Study Authors, date | Inclusion criteria | Setting | Duration (weeks) | Treatment groups | Na | Drop out rate N (%) | Age Mean (SD)b | Sex % Female | Baseline cognition | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Scale (SD) | Mean |
Kanowski et al. 1996/2003 [29, 36] All patients | DSM-III-R Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age > 54 ys, SKT 6-18, MMSE 13-25, no cerebral atrophy, MADRS < 41 | Outpatients | 24 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo | 106 99 | 27 (25) 22 (22) | 72 (10) 72 (10) | 68 71 | SKT | 10,5 (3,2) 11,2 (3,3) |
Only Alzheimer | Â | Â | Â | Â | 79 79 | n.a. | 72 (10) 72 (10) | 71 73 | Â | 10,3 (3,1) 10,9 (3,3) |
Le Bars et al. 1997/2000 [30, 37] All patients | DSM-III-R and ICD-10 Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age > 44 ys, MMSE 9-26, GDS 3-6, no psychiatric comorbidity | Outpatients | 52 | Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo | 155 154 | 77 (50) 95 (62) | 69 (47-89) 69 (45-90) | 51 56 | ADAS-cog | 20,0 (16,0)c 20,5 (14,7)c |
Only Alzheimer | Â | Â | Â | Â | 120 116 | n.a. | 68 (47-89) 68 (45-90) | 54 62 | Â | 19,7 (16,4) 20,2 (15,2) |
Maurer et al. 1997 [31] | DSM-III-R and NINCDS/ADRDA Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age 50-80 ys, BCRS 3-5, Hachinski-Ischemia Score ≤ 4, no psychiatric comorbidity. | Outpatients | 12 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo | 9 9 | 1 (10) 1 (10) | 68,5 (6,0) 60,6 (8,9) | 56 44 | ADAS-cog | 31,2 (12,6) 36,1 (15,2) |
DSM-III-R or ICD-10 Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, or AAMI (clinical diagnosis), age > 49, SKT 8-23, AAMI: MAC-Q ≥ 12 and no dementia (SIDAM), GDS < 11, IQ > 80, no psychiatric comorbidity | Nursing home/old age home | 24 | Ginkgo biloba 160 mg or 240 mg Placebo | 79 44 | 14 (18) 4 (9) | 83 (n.a.) 83 (n.a.) | 86 82 | MMSE | 18,0 (4,9) 18,7 (4,6) | |
Schneider et al. 2005 [33] | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer dementia, age ≥ 60, MMSE 10-24, Hachinski-Ischemia Score ≤ 4, HAM-D < 16, no psychiatric comorbidity | Outpatients | 26 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo | 170 169 174 | 30 (18) 34 (20) 39 (22) | 78 (7) 79 (7) 78 (7) | 56 50 52 | ADAS-cog | 24,8 (12,7) 24,7 (11,9) 25,0 (11,1) |
Yancheva et al 2009 [35] | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer dementia, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, NPI ≥ 5 | Outpatients | 22 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Donepezil 10 mg Combination of both | 31 32 31 | 1 (3) 4 (1) 2 (6) | 69 (8) 66 (8) 68 (9) | 55 84 68 | SKT | 15,7 (4,7) 17,4 (4,2) 17,4 (4,4) |
Napryeyenko et al. 2007 [32, 51] All patients | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer or probable NINDS/AIREN vascular dementia or mixed form, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, HAMD17 < 20, NPI ≥ 3, TE4D ≤ 35 | Outpatients | 22 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo | 198 197 | 4 (2) 5 (3) | 65 (8) 63 (8) | 86 82 | SKT | 15,6 (3,9) 15,4 (3,7) |
Only Alzheimer | Â | Â | Â | Â | 104 110 | n.a. | 66 (8) 64 (8) | 67 71 | Â | 16,4 (3,8) 15,8 (3,8) |
McCarney et al. 2008 [2] | DSM-IV dementia, age ≥ 55, MMSE 12-26, presence of a caregiver, Ginkgo biloba was allowed until 2 weeks and cholinesterase inhibitors until 2 months before inclusion | Outpatients | 24 | Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo | 88 88 | 25 (28) 20 (23) | 79,3 (7,8) 79,7 (7,5) | 58 64 | ADAS-cog | 20,4 (8,2) 25,0 (10,3) |
Ihl et al. 2009 All patients | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer or probable NINDS/AIREN vascular dementia or mixed form, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, HAMD17 < 20, NPI ≥ 3, TE4D ≤ 35 | Outpatients | 24 | Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo | 202 202 | 16 (8) 12 (6) | 65 (10) 65 (9) | 69 66 | SKT | 16,7 (3,9) 17,2 (3,7) |
Only Alzheimer | Â | Â | Â | Â | 163 170 | Â | 65 (10) 64 (9) | 67 65 | Â | 16,4 (3,8) 17,0 (3,8) |